Salesforce triggers real-time scenarios, Part -2

Scenario 1: Updating a Related Record

Use Case: When a Contact is updated, if the Account‘s LastContactedDate is older than the Contact‘s LastModifiedDate, update the Account‘s LastContactedDate.

trigger UpdateAccountLastContacted on Contact (after update) {
    Set<Id> accountIds = new Set<Id>();
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    for (Contact con : Trigger.new) {
        Contact oldContact = Trigger.oldMap.get(con.Id);
        if (con.AccountId != null && con.LastModifiedDate > oldContact.LastModifiedDate) {
            accountIds.add(con.AccountId);
        }
    }

    List<Account> accountsToUpdate = new List<Account>();
    for (Account acc : [SELECT Id, LastContactedDate FROM Account WHERE Id IN :accountIds]) {
        acc.LastContactedDate = System.now();
        accountsToUpdate.add(acc);
    }

    if (!accountsToUpdate.isEmpty()) {
        update accountsToUpdate;
    }
}

Test Class :

@isTest
public class UpdateAccountLastContactedTest {
    @isTest
    static void testAccountLastContactedUpdate() {
        Account testAccount = new Account(Name = 'Test Account');
        insert testAccount;

        Contact testContact = new Contact(FirstName = 'Test', LastName = 'User', AccountId = testAccount.Id);
        insert testContact;

        // Update the contact
        testContact.LastName = 'Updated User';
        update testContact;

        // Retrieve the account and verify LastContactedDate
        Account updatedAccount = [SELECT LastContactedDate FROM Account WHERE Id = :testAccount.Id];
        System.assertNotEquals(null, updatedAccount.LastContactedDate);
    }
}

Scenario 2: Preventing Invalid Status Updates

Use Case: When a Case is updated, prevent the status from changing to “Closed” if the Priority is set to “High”.

trigger PreventClosedHighPriority on Case (before update) {
    for (Case cs : Trigger.new) {
        Case oldCase = Trigger.oldMap.get(cs.Id);
        if (cs.Status == 'Closed' && oldCase.Priority == 'High') {
            cs.addError('Cannot close a case with High priority.');
        }
    }
}

Test Class :

@isTest
public class PreventClosedHighPriorityTest {
    @isTest
    static void testPreventClosedHighPriority() {
        Case testCase = new Case(Subject = 'Test Case', Status = 'New', Priority = 'High');
        insert testCase;

        // Attempt to update the case to Closed
        testCase.Status = 'Closed';

        Test.startTest();
        try {
            update testCase;
            System.assert(false, 'Expected an exception but none was thrown.');
        } catch (DmlException e) {
            System.assert(e.getMessage().contains('Cannot close a case with High priority.'));
        }
        Test.stopTest();
    }
}